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Compare Akrotiri (2006) - Sao Tome and Principe (2007)

Compare Akrotiri (2006) z Sao Tome and Principe (2007)

 Akrotiri (2006)Sao Tome and Principe (2007)
 AkrotiriSao Tome and Principe
Administrative divisions - 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995
Age structure - 0-14 years: 47.3% (male 47,796/female 46,589)


15-64 years: 49% (male 47,386/female 50,412)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 3,383/female 4,013) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products - cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Airports - 2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Area total: 123 sq km


note: includes a salt lake and wetlands
total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area. Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Although the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to have a significant impact on the country's economy.
Birth rate - 39.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget - revenues: $42.96 million


expenditures: $59.61 million (2006 est.)
Capital name: Episkopi Cantonment; also serves as capital of Dhekelia


geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
name: Sao Tome


geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Coastline 56.3 km 209 km
Constitution Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960 approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
Country name conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area


conventional short form: Akrotiri
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Death rate - 6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external - $318 million (2002)
Dependency status overseas territory of UK; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA


chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580


FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348


consulate(s): Atlanta
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - recipient - $31.9 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program (2005)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported. This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth exceeded 4% in 2006, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment.
Electricity - consumption - 16.74 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production - 18 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes - lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Environment - current issues shooting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Exchange rates - dobras per US dollar - 12,050 (2006), 9,900.4 (2005), NA 9,902.3 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch
chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ (since 21 April 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5%
Exports - NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities - cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners - Netherlands 47.9%, Belgium 19%, Portugal 9.3% (2006)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of the UK is used three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 15%


industry: 13.7%


services: 71.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 4.4% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 34 37 N, 32 58 E 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Geography - note British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities - machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Imports - partners - Portugal 48.8%, France 19.7%, Belgium 5.1%, US 5.1% (2006)
Independence - 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber
Infant mortality rate - total: 40.54 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 42.42 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 38.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 23.1% (2006 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land - 100 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Labor force - 35,050 (1991)
Labor force - by occupation - note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers
Land boundaries total: 47.4 km


border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km
0 km
Land use - arable land: 8.33%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 42.71% (2005)
Languages English, Greek Portuguese (official)
Legal system the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held on 26 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, others 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 67.64 years


male: 66.03 years


female: 69.3 years (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.9%


male: 92.2%


female: 77.9% (2001 census)
Location peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references Middle East Africa
Maritime claims - measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 20,455 GRT/27,871 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 6


foreign-owned: 2 (Egypt 1, Greece 1) (2007)
Military - note Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)
Military branches - Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Navy, Presidential Guard (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.8% (2006)
National holiday - Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Nationality - noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
Natural hazards - NA
Natural resources - fish, hydropower
Net migration rate - -2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: approximately 1,300 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
199,579 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line - 54% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate - 3.13% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations FM 1


note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia (2006)
AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions - Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.026 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.843 male(s)/female


total population: 0.976 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 7,100 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 12,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia (2006) 2 (2001)
Terrain - volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate - 5.53 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
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